Azog the Defiler is after Thorin & Co because Thorin's grandfather, Thror, had defeated Azog in battle years ago, cutting off his arm and driving him out of their homeland. Azog seeks revenge for this defeat and sees an opportunity to reclaim his honor by killing Thorin and his companions. Additionally, Azog is a powerful leader among the orcs and is motivated by a desire to maintain his dominance and power over the region. **

Smaug knows that Thorin is called Oakenshield because it is a well-known name among the dwarves. Thorin earned the name Oakenshield after using an oak branch as a shield during a battle. As a powerful and intelligent dragon, Smaug is knowledgeable about the history and reputations of the different races, including the dwarves. Therefore, he is aware of Thorin's nickname and uses it to taunt and intimidate him during their interactions. **

Thorin, his sister Fíli, and Kíli live in the Lonely Mountain, also known as Erebor. This is the ancestral home of the Dwarves, which was taken over by the dragon Smaug. After reclaiming the Lonely Mountain, Thorin becomes the King under the Mountain, and Fíli and Kíli serve as his loyal companions and heirs to the throne. **

In The Hobbit, Thorin and Thranduil have a tense conversation when Thorin demands that Thranduil return the gems and treasure that he believes belong to the dwarves. Thranduil refuses, and the two leaders exchange heated words, with Thorin accusing Thranduil of being greedy and selfish. The conversation highlights the underlying tensions and conflicts between the different races in Middle-earth, as well as the struggle for power and wealth. Ultimately, their conversation sets the stage for the larger conflicts that unfold in the story. **

In the Battle of the Five Armies, Thorin and his company used goats as a surprise element in their attack on the Orcs. It is not explicitly mentioned where Thorin got the goats, but it can be assumed that they were either part of the supplies and resources that the company had brought with them, or they may have been acquired from the local area as they made their way to the battlefield. The use of goats added an unexpected and effective element to their strategy, catching the Orcs off guard. **

Memory is not intelligence in itself, but it is an important component of intelligence. Memory allows us to store and retrieve information, which is essential for learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. However, intelligence encompasses a broader range of cognitive abilities, including reasoning, problem-solving, and creativity, in addition to memory. While memory is an important aspect of intelligence, it is not the sole determinant of intelligence. **

Thorin and his friends need a plan for the entrance of Erebor because the mountain is currently occupied by Smaug, a powerful and dangerous dragon. Without a plan, they risk walking into a potentially deadly situation. By strategizing their approach, they can increase their chances of success and minimize the risks involved in reclaiming their homeland. A well-thought-out plan will also help them coordinate their efforts and utilize their strengths effectively against the formidable foe that guards Erebor. **

Intelligence and photographic memory are two different cognitive abilities. Intelligence refers to the overall capacity for learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and adapting to new situations. Photographic memory, on the other hand, is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in great detail after only a brief exposure. While both can be beneficial in different ways, intelligence is generally considered to be a more valuable and versatile trait as it involves a broader range of cognitive skills beyond just memory. **